Eine ausführliche Darstellung des Heinz-Dilemmas und seiner Auslegung finden Sie in W.C. Crain, Theories of Development, Prentice Hall 1985, 118-136, online unter
http://faculty.plts.edu/gpence/html/kohlberg.htm
Dienstag, 11. Dezember 2007
Gegenüberstellung Kohlberg - Gilligan
Die im Unterricht verwandte Gegenüberstellung finden Sie im Netz unter
http://faculty.washington.edu/wtalbott/phil440/trcare.htm
http://faculty.washington.edu/wtalbott/phil440/trcare.htm
Freitag, 7. Dezember 2007
Liedertexte (Danke, Bruno Schmid!)
1
Simon & Garfunkel: Homeward Bound
I'm sitting in the railway station.
Got a ticket to my destination.
On a tour of one-night stands my suitcase and guitar in hand.
And ev'ry stop is neatly planned for a poet and a one-man band.
Homeward bound,
I wish I was,
Homeward bound,
Home where my thought's escaping,
Home where my music's playing,
Home where my love lies waiting
Silently for me.
Ev'ry day's an endless stream
Of cigarettes and magazines.
And each town looks the same to me, the movies and the factories
And ev'ry stranger's face I see reminds me that I long to be,
Homeward bound,
I wish I was,
Homeward bound,
Home where my thought's escaping,
Home where my music's playing,
Home where my love lies waiting
Silently for me.
Tonight I'll sing my songs again,
I'll play the game and pretend.
But all my words come back to me in shades of mediocrity
Like emptiness in harmony I need someone to comfort me.
Homeward bound,
I wish I was,
Homeward bound,
Home where my thought's escaping,
Home where my music's playing,
Home where my love lies waiting
Silently for me.
Silently for me.
2
Mani Matter: Ds Lied vo de Bahnhöf
das isch ds lied
vo de bahnhöf wo dr zug
geng scho abgfahren isch
oder no nid isch cho
und es stöh
lüt im rägemantel dert und tue warte
und ds gepäck
hei si abgstellt und zwöi chind
luegen am outomat
ob nid doch dert no meh
usechöm
als die caramel wo si
scho hei gässe
und dr bahn-
hofvorstand telephoniert
d'mütze hanget ar wand
und im wartsaal isch gheizt
sitzt e ma
won e stumpe roukt wo stinkt
und list ds amtsblatt
mängisch lüt-
tet e gloggen und en ar-
beiter mit schwarze händ
stellt e weiche me weis
nid für was
dänk für d'güeterwäge wo
vor em Schopf stöh
und dr bahn-
hofvorstand leit d'mützen a
s'fahrt e schnällzug verby
und es luftet no gäng
waretdäm
dass dr vorstand scho sy huet
wider abziet
das isch ds lied
vo de bahnhöf wo dr zug
geng scho abgfahren isch
oder no nid isch cho
3
Bright Eyes: We Are Nowhere and It's Now
If you hate the taste of wine
Why do you drink it till you're blind?
And if you swear that there's no truth and who cares
How come you say it like you're right?
Why are you scared to dream of God
When it's salvation that you want?
You see stars that clear have been dead for years
But the idea just lives on...
In our wheels that roll around
As we move over the ground
And all day it seems we've been in between
A past and future town
We are nowhere and it's now
We are nowhere and it's now
And like a ten minute dream in the passenger's seat
While the world was flying by
I haven't been gone very long
But it feels like a life time
I've been sleeping so strange at night
Side effects they don't advertise
I've been sleeping so strange
With a head full of pesticide
I've got no plans and too much time
I feel too restless to unwind
I'm always lost in thought as I walk a block
To my favorite neon sign
Where the waitress looks concerned
But she never says a word
Just turns the juke box on and we hum along
And I smile back at her
And my friend comes after work
When the features start to blur
She says these bars are filled with things that kill
By now you probably should have learned
Did you forget that yellow bird?
But how could you forget your yellow bird?
She took a small silver wreath and pinned it onto me
She said this one will bring you love
And I don't know if it's true
But I keep it for good luck
4
R.E.M.: Losing My Religion
Life is bigger
It's bigger than you
And you are not me
The lengths that I will go to
The distance in your eyes
Oh no I've said too much
I´ve said enough
That's me in the corner
That's me in the spotlight
Losing my religion
Trying to keep a view
And I don't know if I can do it
Oh no I've said too much
I haven't said enough
I thought that I heard you laughing
I thought that I heard you sing
I think I thought I saw you try
Every whisper
Of every waking hour I'm
Choosing my confessions
Trying to keep an eye on you
Like a hurt, lost and blinded fool, fool
Oh no I've said too much
I´ve said enough
Consider this
Consider this
The hint of the century
Consider this
The slip that brought me
To my knees failed
What if all these fantasies
Come flailing around
Now I've said too much
I thought that I heard you laughing
I thought that I heard you sing
I think I thought I saw you try
But that was just a dream
That was just a dream
That's me in the corner
That's me in the spotlight
Losing my religion
Trying to keep a view
And I don't know if I can do it
Oh no, I've said too much
I haven't said enough
I thought that I heard you laughing
I thought that I heard you sing
I think I thought I saw you try
But that was just a dream
Try, cry, why try?
That was just a dream, just a dream
Just a dream, dream
Verlieren meiner Religion
Das Leben ist größer
es ist größer als du selbst
und du bist nicht ich
Die Strecke die ich gehen werde,
die Entfernung in deinen Augen
Oh nein, ich habe zu viel gesagt
ich bringe es zu Ende (bringe es fertig)
Das in der Ecke bin ich
Das bin ich im Rampenlicht
ich verliere meine Religion.
Ich versuche, mit dir mitzuhalten
und ich weiß nicht, ob ich das kann.
Oh nein, ich habe zu viel gesagt.
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich lachen
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich singen
Ich denke, ich dachte, ich sah dich es versuchen.
Jedes Geflüster
jeder schlaflosen Stunde
ziehe ich meinen Geständnissen (Beichten) vor
Versuche ein Auge auf dich zu haben,
wie ein wunder, verirrter und blinder Narr.
Oh nein, ich habe zu viel gesagt.
Ich bringe es zuende
Bedenke dies
Der Hinweis dieses Jahrhunderts
Bedenke dies
Der Fehltritt (Fehler) der mich in die Knie
zwang,
misslang
Was wenn all diese Phantasien
kommen, vorbeiwirbeln.
Jetzt habe ich zu viel gesagt.
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich lachen
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich singen
Ich denke, ich dachte, ich sah dich es versuchen.
Aber das war nur ein Traum
Das war nur ein Traum
5
Suzanne Vega: New York Is a Woman
New York City spread herself before you
with her bangles and her spangles and her stars
you were impressed with the city so undressed
you had to go out cruising all the bars
your business trip extended through the weekend
suburban boy here for your first time
from the 27th floor above the midtown roar
you were dazzled by her beauty and her crime
and she's every girl you've seen in every movie
every dame you've ever known on late night TV
in her steam and steel is the passion you feel
endlessly
New York is a woman she'll make you cry
and to her you're just another guy
look down and see her ruined places
smoke and ash still rising to the sky
she's happy that you're here but when you disappear
she won't know that you're gone to say goodbye
and she's every girl you've seen in every movie
every dame you've ever known on late night tv
in her steam and steel is the passion you feel
desperately
New York is a woman she'll make you cry
and to her you're just another guy
6
Mani Matter: Dene wos guet geit
Dene wos guet geit
Giengs besser
Giengs dene besser
Wos weniger guet geit
Was aber nid geit
Ohni dass's dene
Weniger guet geit
Wos guet geit
Drum geit weni
Für dass es dene
Besser geit
Wos weniger guet geit
Und drum geits o
Dene nid besser
Wos guet geit
7
Billy Bragg : A New England
I was twenty one years when I wrote this song
I'm twenty two now, but I won't be for long
People ask me when will you grow up to be a man
But all the girls I loved at school are already pushing prams
I loved you then as I love you still
Tho I put you on a pedestal,
They put you on the pill
I don't feel bad about letting you go
I just feel sad about letting you know
I don't want to change the world
I'm not looking for a new England
I'm just looking for another girl
I don't want to change the world
I'm not looking for a new England
I'm just looking for another girl
I loved the words you wrote to me
But that was bloody yesterday
I can't survive on what you send
Every time you need a friend
I saw two shooting stars last night
I wished on them but they were only satellites
Is it wrong to wish on space hardware
I wish, I wish, I wish you'd care
I don't want to change the world
I'm not looking for a new England
I'm just looking for another girl
8
Bright Eyes: I Must Belong Somewhere
Leave the bright blue door on the white-washed
floor.
Leave the death ledger under city hall.
Leave the joyful air in that rubber ball today.
Just leave the lilac print on the linen sheet.
Leave the bird you killed at your father's feet.
Let the sideways rain in the crooked street
remain.
Leave whimpering dog in his cold kennel.
Leave the dead starlet on her pedestal.
Leave the acid kids in their green fishbowls
today.
Leave the sad guitar in its hard-shell case.
Leave the worried look on your lover's face.
Let the orange embers in the fireplace remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
The train off in the distance, bicycle chained to
the stairs.
Everything must belong somewhere.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
Leave the ocean's roar in the turquoise shell.
Leave the widower in his private hell.
Leave the liberty in that broken bell today.
Leave the epic poem on its yellowed page.
Leave the grey macaw in his covered cage.
Let the traveling band on the interstate remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
Sound-stage in California, televisions in Times
Square.
Everything must belong somewhere.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
Yeah I know that now that's why I'm staying
here.
Leave the secret talk on the trundle bed.
Leave the garden tools in the rusted shed.
Leave those bad ideas in your troubled head
today.
Leave the restless ghost in his old hotel.
Leave the homeless man in his cardboard cell.
Let the painted horse on the carousel remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
Just like the gold around your finger and the
silver in his hair.
Yeah, everything must belong somewhere.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
In truth, the forest hears each sound
Each blade of grass as it lies down.
The world requires no audience.
no witnesses, no witnesses.
Leave the old town drunk on his wooden stool.
Leave the autumn leaves in the swimming pool.
Leave the poor black child in his crumbling
school today.
Leave novelist in his daydream tune.
Leave the scientist in her rubik's cube.
Let true genius in the padded room remain.
Leave horses hair on the slanted bow.
Leave the slot machines on the riverboat.
Leave the cauliflower in the casserole today.
Leave the hot white-trash in their shopping
malls.
Leave the hawks of war in their capitals.
Let the organs moan in the cathedral remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
You lock the devil in the basement, God up into
the air.
Yeah, everything must belong somewhere.
I know it's true, I wish you'd leave me here.
I know it's true, why don't you leave me here?
9
Manu Chao: Clandestino
Solo voy con mi pena
Sola va mi condena
Correr es mi destino
Para burlar la ley
Perdido en el corazón
De la grande Babylon
Me dicen el clandestino
Por no llevar papel
Pa' una ciudad del norte
Yo me fui a trabajar
Mi vida la dejé
Entre Ceuta y Gibraltar
Soy una raya en el mar
Fantasma en la ciudad
Mi vida va prohibida
Dice la autoridad
Solo voy con mi pena
Sola va mi condena
Correr es mi destino
Por no llevar papel
Perdido en el corazón
De la grande Babylon
Me dicen el clandestino
Yo soy el quiebra ley
Mano Negra clandestina
Peruano clandestino
Africano clandestino
Marijuana ilegal
Solo voy con mi pena
Sola va mi condena
Correr es mi destino
Para burlar la ley
Perdido en el corazón
De la grande Babylon
Me dicen el clandestino
Por no llevar papel
Ich bin allein mit meinem Leid,
einsam ist meine Verurteilung,
meine Bestimmung ist es wegzulaufen,
um das Gesetz zu hintergehen.
Verloren im Herzen des großen Babylon,
nennen sie mich den Heimlichen,
weil ich keine Papiere habe.
Ich ging in eine Stadt im Norden
um zu arbeiten;
mein Leben habe ich zwischen
Ceuta und Gibraltar gelassen.
Ich bin ein Strich im Meer,
ein Gespenst in der Stadt.
Mein Leben spielt sich im Verborgenen ab,
sagen die Behoerden.
Ich bin allein mit meinem Leid,...,
ich bin die Gesetzesluecke.
Ref.:
heimliche Mano Negra (schwarze Hand),
heimlicher Peruaner,
heimlicher Afrikaner, illegales Marihuana.
Ich bin allein mit meinem Leid,...,
weil ich keine Papiere habe.
10
Ron Sexsmith: For The Driver
I feel for the driver
In the aftermath
Of a child who chased a ball
Across his path
For the ones involved
And the most unloved I feel
I feel for the driver
I fell for the soldier
In the throes of war
sent off to settle someone else's score
for the ones involved
and for the most unloved I feel
I feel for the soldier
every story has two sides
Every coin has two faces
I feel for the one who hides
And for the one who chases
I feel for the Lady
In the crimson light
With demand on the left
And judgement on the right
Where the lonely ones
Are the most unloved I feel
I feel for the lonely
I feel for the soldier
I feel for the driver
11
Sinéad O'Connor: Paddy's Lament
Well it's by the hush, me boys, and sure
that's to hold your noise
And listen to poor Paddy's sad narration
I was by hunger stressed, and in poverty
distressed
So I took a thought I'd leave the Irish
nation
Well I sold me ass and cow, my little pigs
and sow
My little plot of land I soon did part with
And me sweetheart Bid McGee, I'm afraid
I'll never see
For I left her there that morning brokenhearted
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
Well meself and a hundred more, to
America sailed o'er
Our fortunes to be making we were
thinkin'
When we got to Yankee land, they put
guns into our hands
"Paddy, you must go and fight for Lincoln"
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
General Meagher to us he said, if you get
shot or lose your head
Every murdered soul of youse will get a
pension
Well in the war lost me leg, they gave me a
wooden peg
And by soul it is the truth to you I mention
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
Well I think meself in luck, if I get fed on
Indianbuck
And old Ireland is the country I delight in
To the devil, I would say, it's curse
Americay
For the truth I.ve had enough of your hard
fightin
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
I wish I was at home
I wish I was at home
I wish I was at home
I wish I was at home in dear old Dublin
12
Billy Bragg : Between The Wars
I was a miner
I was a docker
I was a railway man
Between the wars
I raised a family
In times of austerity
With sweat at the foundry
Between the wars.
I paid the union and as times got harder
I looked to the government to help the working man
And they brought prosperity down at the armoury
We're arming for peace, me boys
Between the wars.
I kept the faith and I kept voting
Not for the iron fist but for the helping hand
For theirs is a land with a wall around it
And mine is a faith in my fellow man
Theirs is a land of hope and glory
Mine is the green field and the factory floor
Theirs are the skies all dark with bombers
And mine is the peace we knew
Between the wars.
Call up the craftsmen
Bring me the draftsmen
Build me a path from cradle to grave
And I'll give my consent
To any government
That does not deny a man a living wage.
Go find the young men never to fight again
Bring up the banners from the days gone by
Sweet moderation
Heart of this nation
Desert us not, we are
Between the wars.
13
Suzanne Vega: World Before Columbus
If your love were taken from me
Every color would be black and white
It would be as flat as the world before Columbus
That's the day that I lose half my sight
If your life were taken from me
All the trees would freeze in this cold ground
It would be as cruel as the world before Columbus
Sail to the edge and I'd be there looking down
Those men who lust for land
And for riches strange and new
Who love those trinkets of desire
Oh they never will have you
And they'll never know the gold
Or the copper in your hair
How could they weigh the worth
Of you so rare
If your love were taken from me
Every light that's bright would soon go dim
It would be as dark as the world before Columbus
Down the waterfall and I'd swim over the brim
Those men who lust for land
And for riches strange and new
Who love those trinkets of desire
Oh they will never have you
And they'll never know the gold
Or the copper in your hair
How could they weigh the worth
Of you so rare
14
Manu Chao: Me Gustas Tu
Me gustan los aviones, me gustas tu.
Me gusta viajar, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la mañana, me gustas tu.
Me gusta el viento, me gustas tu.
Me gusta soñar, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la mar, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
Me gusta la moto, me gustas tu.
Me gusta correr, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la lluvia, me gustas tu.
Me gusta volver, me gustas tu.
Me gusta marihuana, me gustas tu.
Me gusta colombiana, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la montaña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la noche, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
Me gusta la cena, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la vecina, me gustas tu.
Me gusta su cocina, me gustas tu.
Me gusta camelar, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la guitarra, me gustas tu.
Me gusta el regaee, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
Me gusta la canela, me gustas tu.
Me gusta el fuego, me gustas tu.
Me gusta menear, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la Coruña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta Malasaña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la castaña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta Guatemala, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
15
Talking Heads: Road to Nowhere
WELL WE KNOW WHERE WE'RE GOIN'
BUT WE DON'T KNOW WHERE WE'VE BEEN
AND WE KNOW WHAT WE'RE KNOWIN'
BUT WE CAN'T SAY WHAT WE'VE SEEN
AND WE'RE NOT LITTLE CHILDREN
AND WE KNOW WHAT WE WANT
AND THE FUTURE IS CERTAIN
GIVE US TIME TO WORK IT OUT
We're on a road to nowhere
Come on inside
Takin' that ride to nowhere
We'll take that ride
I'm feelin' okay this mornin'
And you know,
We're on the road to paradise
Here we go, here we go
CHORUS
Maybe you wonder where you are
I don't care
Here is where time is on our side
Take you there...take you there
We're on a road to nowhere
We're on a road to nowhere
We're on a road to nowhere
There's a city in my mind
Come along and take that ride
and it's all right, baby, it's all right
And it's very far away
But it's growing day by day
And it's all right, baby, it's all right
They can tell you what to do
But they'll make a fool of you
And it's all right, baby, it's all right
We're on a road to nowhere
16
Bright Eyes: Road to Joy
The sun came up with no conclusions
Flowers sleepin' in their beds
The city cemetary's hummin'
I'm wide awake, its mornin'
I have my drugs, I have my woman
they keep away my loneliness
My parents, they have their religion
But sleep in seperate houses
I read the body count out of the paper
And now its written all over my face
No one ever plans to sleep out in the gutter
Sometimes thats just the most comfortable place
So I'm drinkin, breathin, writin, singin
Every day I'm on the clock
My mind races with all my longings
But can't keep up with what I got
And so I hope I dont sound too ungratefull
What history gave modern man
A telephone to talk to strangers
Machine guns and a camera lense
So when you're asked to fight a war thats over nothing
Its best to join the side thats gonna win
No ones sure how all of this got started
But we're gonna make 'em God damn certain how its gonna end
Oh yah we will, oh yah we will!
Well I could have been a famous singer
If I had some one else's voice
But failures always sounded better
Let's fuck it up boys, make some noise!
The sun came up with no conclusions
Flowers sleepin' in their beds
The city cemetary's hummin'
I'm wide awake, its mornin'!
Quellen:
Titel 1:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/simonaeandaegarfunkel/homewardaebound_71b42.html
Titel 2:
http://www.rogersite.ch/gedichte_anzeige.asp?Thema=Mani%20Matter&RECORD_INDEX%5Bunde
fined%5D=21
Titel 3:
http://www.sing365.com/music/Lyric.nsf/We-Are-Nowhere-And-It's-Now-lyrics-Bright-
Eyes/956C3B3C1B4405A148256F7F0010A5FC
Titel 4:
Englisch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/r-e-m-/losingaemyaereligion_c3bb.html
Deutsch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/r-e-m-/losingaemyaereligion_45c98.html
Titel 5:
http://www.suzannevega.com/music/BeautyAndCrime/
Titel 6:
http://www.rogersite.ch/gedichte_anzeige.asp?Thema=Mani%20Matter&RECORD_INDEX%5Bunde
fined%5D=6
Titel 7:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/billyaebragg/aaenewaeengland_170a7.html
Titel 8:
http://www.sing365.com/music/Lyric.nsf/I-Must-Belong-Somewhere-lyrics-Bright-
Eyes/C448D831F741B82348256FF800069333
Titel 9:
Spanisch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/manuaechao/clandestino_dba3.html
Deutsch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/manuaechao/clandestino_6eb63.html
Titel 10:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/ronaesexsmith/foraetheaedriver_640d6.html
Titel 11:
http://www.absolutelyrics.com/lyrics/view/sinead_o'connor/paddy's_lament/
Titel 12:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/billyaebragg/betweenaetheaewars_1edc.html
Titel 13:
http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/suzannevega/worldbeforecolumbus.html
Titel 14:
http://www.magistrix.de/lyrics/Manu%20Chao/Me-Gustas-Tu-74975.html
Titel 15:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/talkingaeheads/roadaetoaenowhere_be7b.html
Titel 16:
http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Bright-Eyeslyrics/
89E394555A05E0A748256C7D000D61FC
Simon & Garfunkel: Homeward Bound
I'm sitting in the railway station.
Got a ticket to my destination.
On a tour of one-night stands my suitcase and guitar in hand.
And ev'ry stop is neatly planned for a poet and a one-man band.
Homeward bound,
I wish I was,
Homeward bound,
Home where my thought's escaping,
Home where my music's playing,
Home where my love lies waiting
Silently for me.
Ev'ry day's an endless stream
Of cigarettes and magazines.
And each town looks the same to me, the movies and the factories
And ev'ry stranger's face I see reminds me that I long to be,
Homeward bound,
I wish I was,
Homeward bound,
Home where my thought's escaping,
Home where my music's playing,
Home where my love lies waiting
Silently for me.
Tonight I'll sing my songs again,
I'll play the game and pretend.
But all my words come back to me in shades of mediocrity
Like emptiness in harmony I need someone to comfort me.
Homeward bound,
I wish I was,
Homeward bound,
Home where my thought's escaping,
Home where my music's playing,
Home where my love lies waiting
Silently for me.
Silently for me.
2
Mani Matter: Ds Lied vo de Bahnhöf
das isch ds lied
vo de bahnhöf wo dr zug
geng scho abgfahren isch
oder no nid isch cho
und es stöh
lüt im rägemantel dert und tue warte
und ds gepäck
hei si abgstellt und zwöi chind
luegen am outomat
ob nid doch dert no meh
usechöm
als die caramel wo si
scho hei gässe
und dr bahn-
hofvorstand telephoniert
d'mütze hanget ar wand
und im wartsaal isch gheizt
sitzt e ma
won e stumpe roukt wo stinkt
und list ds amtsblatt
mängisch lüt-
tet e gloggen und en ar-
beiter mit schwarze händ
stellt e weiche me weis
nid für was
dänk für d'güeterwäge wo
vor em Schopf stöh
und dr bahn-
hofvorstand leit d'mützen a
s'fahrt e schnällzug verby
und es luftet no gäng
waretdäm
dass dr vorstand scho sy huet
wider abziet
das isch ds lied
vo de bahnhöf wo dr zug
geng scho abgfahren isch
oder no nid isch cho
3
Bright Eyes: We Are Nowhere and It's Now
If you hate the taste of wine
Why do you drink it till you're blind?
And if you swear that there's no truth and who cares
How come you say it like you're right?
Why are you scared to dream of God
When it's salvation that you want?
You see stars that clear have been dead for years
But the idea just lives on...
In our wheels that roll around
As we move over the ground
And all day it seems we've been in between
A past and future town
We are nowhere and it's now
We are nowhere and it's now
And like a ten minute dream in the passenger's seat
While the world was flying by
I haven't been gone very long
But it feels like a life time
I've been sleeping so strange at night
Side effects they don't advertise
I've been sleeping so strange
With a head full of pesticide
I've got no plans and too much time
I feel too restless to unwind
I'm always lost in thought as I walk a block
To my favorite neon sign
Where the waitress looks concerned
But she never says a word
Just turns the juke box on and we hum along
And I smile back at her
And my friend comes after work
When the features start to blur
She says these bars are filled with things that kill
By now you probably should have learned
Did you forget that yellow bird?
But how could you forget your yellow bird?
She took a small silver wreath and pinned it onto me
She said this one will bring you love
And I don't know if it's true
But I keep it for good luck
4
R.E.M.: Losing My Religion
Life is bigger
It's bigger than you
And you are not me
The lengths that I will go to
The distance in your eyes
Oh no I've said too much
I´ve said enough
That's me in the corner
That's me in the spotlight
Losing my religion
Trying to keep a view
And I don't know if I can do it
Oh no I've said too much
I haven't said enough
I thought that I heard you laughing
I thought that I heard you sing
I think I thought I saw you try
Every whisper
Of every waking hour I'm
Choosing my confessions
Trying to keep an eye on you
Like a hurt, lost and blinded fool, fool
Oh no I've said too much
I´ve said enough
Consider this
Consider this
The hint of the century
Consider this
The slip that brought me
To my knees failed
What if all these fantasies
Come flailing around
Now I've said too much
I thought that I heard you laughing
I thought that I heard you sing
I think I thought I saw you try
But that was just a dream
That was just a dream
That's me in the corner
That's me in the spotlight
Losing my religion
Trying to keep a view
And I don't know if I can do it
Oh no, I've said too much
I haven't said enough
I thought that I heard you laughing
I thought that I heard you sing
I think I thought I saw you try
But that was just a dream
Try, cry, why try?
That was just a dream, just a dream
Just a dream, dream
Verlieren meiner Religion
Das Leben ist größer
es ist größer als du selbst
und du bist nicht ich
Die Strecke die ich gehen werde,
die Entfernung in deinen Augen
Oh nein, ich habe zu viel gesagt
ich bringe es zu Ende (bringe es fertig)
Das in der Ecke bin ich
Das bin ich im Rampenlicht
ich verliere meine Religion.
Ich versuche, mit dir mitzuhalten
und ich weiß nicht, ob ich das kann.
Oh nein, ich habe zu viel gesagt.
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich lachen
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich singen
Ich denke, ich dachte, ich sah dich es versuchen.
Jedes Geflüster
jeder schlaflosen Stunde
ziehe ich meinen Geständnissen (Beichten) vor
Versuche ein Auge auf dich zu haben,
wie ein wunder, verirrter und blinder Narr.
Oh nein, ich habe zu viel gesagt.
Ich bringe es zuende
Bedenke dies
Der Hinweis dieses Jahrhunderts
Bedenke dies
Der Fehltritt (Fehler) der mich in die Knie
zwang,
misslang
Was wenn all diese Phantasien
kommen, vorbeiwirbeln.
Jetzt habe ich zu viel gesagt.
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich lachen
Ich dachte, ich hörte dich singen
Ich denke, ich dachte, ich sah dich es versuchen.
Aber das war nur ein Traum
Das war nur ein Traum
5
Suzanne Vega: New York Is a Woman
New York City spread herself before you
with her bangles and her spangles and her stars
you were impressed with the city so undressed
you had to go out cruising all the bars
your business trip extended through the weekend
suburban boy here for your first time
from the 27th floor above the midtown roar
you were dazzled by her beauty and her crime
and she's every girl you've seen in every movie
every dame you've ever known on late night TV
in her steam and steel is the passion you feel
endlessly
New York is a woman she'll make you cry
and to her you're just another guy
look down and see her ruined places
smoke and ash still rising to the sky
she's happy that you're here but when you disappear
she won't know that you're gone to say goodbye
and she's every girl you've seen in every movie
every dame you've ever known on late night tv
in her steam and steel is the passion you feel
desperately
New York is a woman she'll make you cry
and to her you're just another guy
6
Mani Matter: Dene wos guet geit
Dene wos guet geit
Giengs besser
Giengs dene besser
Wos weniger guet geit
Was aber nid geit
Ohni dass's dene
Weniger guet geit
Wos guet geit
Drum geit weni
Für dass es dene
Besser geit
Wos weniger guet geit
Und drum geits o
Dene nid besser
Wos guet geit
7
Billy Bragg : A New England
I was twenty one years when I wrote this song
I'm twenty two now, but I won't be for long
People ask me when will you grow up to be a man
But all the girls I loved at school are already pushing prams
I loved you then as I love you still
Tho I put you on a pedestal,
They put you on the pill
I don't feel bad about letting you go
I just feel sad about letting you know
I don't want to change the world
I'm not looking for a new England
I'm just looking for another girl
I don't want to change the world
I'm not looking for a new England
I'm just looking for another girl
I loved the words you wrote to me
But that was bloody yesterday
I can't survive on what you send
Every time you need a friend
I saw two shooting stars last night
I wished on them but they were only satellites
Is it wrong to wish on space hardware
I wish, I wish, I wish you'd care
I don't want to change the world
I'm not looking for a new England
I'm just looking for another girl
8
Bright Eyes: I Must Belong Somewhere
Leave the bright blue door on the white-washed
floor.
Leave the death ledger under city hall.
Leave the joyful air in that rubber ball today.
Just leave the lilac print on the linen sheet.
Leave the bird you killed at your father's feet.
Let the sideways rain in the crooked street
remain.
Leave whimpering dog in his cold kennel.
Leave the dead starlet on her pedestal.
Leave the acid kids in their green fishbowls
today.
Leave the sad guitar in its hard-shell case.
Leave the worried look on your lover's face.
Let the orange embers in the fireplace remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
The train off in the distance, bicycle chained to
the stairs.
Everything must belong somewhere.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
Leave the ocean's roar in the turquoise shell.
Leave the widower in his private hell.
Leave the liberty in that broken bell today.
Leave the epic poem on its yellowed page.
Leave the grey macaw in his covered cage.
Let the traveling band on the interstate remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
Sound-stage in California, televisions in Times
Square.
Everything must belong somewhere.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
Yeah I know that now that's why I'm staying
here.
Leave the secret talk on the trundle bed.
Leave the garden tools in the rusted shed.
Leave those bad ideas in your troubled head
today.
Leave the restless ghost in his old hotel.
Leave the homeless man in his cardboard cell.
Let the painted horse on the carousel remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
Just like the gold around your finger and the
silver in his hair.
Yeah, everything must belong somewhere.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
I know that now, that's why I'm staying here.
In truth, the forest hears each sound
Each blade of grass as it lies down.
The world requires no audience.
no witnesses, no witnesses.
Leave the old town drunk on his wooden stool.
Leave the autumn leaves in the swimming pool.
Leave the poor black child in his crumbling
school today.
Leave novelist in his daydream tune.
Leave the scientist in her rubik's cube.
Let true genius in the padded room remain.
Leave horses hair on the slanted bow.
Leave the slot machines on the riverboat.
Leave the cauliflower in the casserole today.
Leave the hot white-trash in their shopping
malls.
Leave the hawks of war in their capitals.
Let the organs moan in the cathedral remain.
Cause everything must belong somewhere.
You lock the devil in the basement, God up into
the air.
Yeah, everything must belong somewhere.
I know it's true, I wish you'd leave me here.
I know it's true, why don't you leave me here?
9
Manu Chao: Clandestino
Solo voy con mi pena
Sola va mi condena
Correr es mi destino
Para burlar la ley
Perdido en el corazón
De la grande Babylon
Me dicen el clandestino
Por no llevar papel
Pa' una ciudad del norte
Yo me fui a trabajar
Mi vida la dejé
Entre Ceuta y Gibraltar
Soy una raya en el mar
Fantasma en la ciudad
Mi vida va prohibida
Dice la autoridad
Solo voy con mi pena
Sola va mi condena
Correr es mi destino
Por no llevar papel
Perdido en el corazón
De la grande Babylon
Me dicen el clandestino
Yo soy el quiebra ley
Mano Negra clandestina
Peruano clandestino
Africano clandestino
Marijuana ilegal
Solo voy con mi pena
Sola va mi condena
Correr es mi destino
Para burlar la ley
Perdido en el corazón
De la grande Babylon
Me dicen el clandestino
Por no llevar papel
Ich bin allein mit meinem Leid,
einsam ist meine Verurteilung,
meine Bestimmung ist es wegzulaufen,
um das Gesetz zu hintergehen.
Verloren im Herzen des großen Babylon,
nennen sie mich den Heimlichen,
weil ich keine Papiere habe.
Ich ging in eine Stadt im Norden
um zu arbeiten;
mein Leben habe ich zwischen
Ceuta und Gibraltar gelassen.
Ich bin ein Strich im Meer,
ein Gespenst in der Stadt.
Mein Leben spielt sich im Verborgenen ab,
sagen die Behoerden.
Ich bin allein mit meinem Leid,...,
ich bin die Gesetzesluecke.
Ref.:
heimliche Mano Negra (schwarze Hand),
heimlicher Peruaner,
heimlicher Afrikaner, illegales Marihuana.
Ich bin allein mit meinem Leid,...,
weil ich keine Papiere habe.
10
Ron Sexsmith: For The Driver
I feel for the driver
In the aftermath
Of a child who chased a ball
Across his path
For the ones involved
And the most unloved I feel
I feel for the driver
I fell for the soldier
In the throes of war
sent off to settle someone else's score
for the ones involved
and for the most unloved I feel
I feel for the soldier
every story has two sides
Every coin has two faces
I feel for the one who hides
And for the one who chases
I feel for the Lady
In the crimson light
With demand on the left
And judgement on the right
Where the lonely ones
Are the most unloved I feel
I feel for the lonely
I feel for the soldier
I feel for the driver
11
Sinéad O'Connor: Paddy's Lament
Well it's by the hush, me boys, and sure
that's to hold your noise
And listen to poor Paddy's sad narration
I was by hunger stressed, and in poverty
distressed
So I took a thought I'd leave the Irish
nation
Well I sold me ass and cow, my little pigs
and sow
My little plot of land I soon did part with
And me sweetheart Bid McGee, I'm afraid
I'll never see
For I left her there that morning brokenhearted
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
Well meself and a hundred more, to
America sailed o'er
Our fortunes to be making we were
thinkin'
When we got to Yankee land, they put
guns into our hands
"Paddy, you must go and fight for Lincoln"
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
General Meagher to us he said, if you get
shot or lose your head
Every murdered soul of youse will get a
pension
Well in the war lost me leg, they gave me a
wooden peg
And by soul it is the truth to you I mention
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
Well I think meself in luck, if I get fed on
Indianbuck
And old Ireland is the country I delight in
To the devil, I would say, it's curse
Americay
For the truth I.ve had enough of your hard
fightin
Here's you boys, now take my advice
To America I'll have ye's not be going
There is nothing here but war, where the
murderin' cannons roar
And I wish I was at home in dear old
Dublin
I wish I was at home
I wish I was at home
I wish I was at home
I wish I was at home in dear old Dublin
12
Billy Bragg : Between The Wars
I was a miner
I was a docker
I was a railway man
Between the wars
I raised a family
In times of austerity
With sweat at the foundry
Between the wars.
I paid the union and as times got harder
I looked to the government to help the working man
And they brought prosperity down at the armoury
We're arming for peace, me boys
Between the wars.
I kept the faith and I kept voting
Not for the iron fist but for the helping hand
For theirs is a land with a wall around it
And mine is a faith in my fellow man
Theirs is a land of hope and glory
Mine is the green field and the factory floor
Theirs are the skies all dark with bombers
And mine is the peace we knew
Between the wars.
Call up the craftsmen
Bring me the draftsmen
Build me a path from cradle to grave
And I'll give my consent
To any government
That does not deny a man a living wage.
Go find the young men never to fight again
Bring up the banners from the days gone by
Sweet moderation
Heart of this nation
Desert us not, we are
Between the wars.
13
Suzanne Vega: World Before Columbus
If your love were taken from me
Every color would be black and white
It would be as flat as the world before Columbus
That's the day that I lose half my sight
If your life were taken from me
All the trees would freeze in this cold ground
It would be as cruel as the world before Columbus
Sail to the edge and I'd be there looking down
Those men who lust for land
And for riches strange and new
Who love those trinkets of desire
Oh they never will have you
And they'll never know the gold
Or the copper in your hair
How could they weigh the worth
Of you so rare
If your love were taken from me
Every light that's bright would soon go dim
It would be as dark as the world before Columbus
Down the waterfall and I'd swim over the brim
Those men who lust for land
And for riches strange and new
Who love those trinkets of desire
Oh they will never have you
And they'll never know the gold
Or the copper in your hair
How could they weigh the worth
Of you so rare
14
Manu Chao: Me Gustas Tu
Me gustan los aviones, me gustas tu.
Me gusta viajar, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la mañana, me gustas tu.
Me gusta el viento, me gustas tu.
Me gusta soñar, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la mar, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
Me gusta la moto, me gustas tu.
Me gusta correr, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la lluvia, me gustas tu.
Me gusta volver, me gustas tu.
Me gusta marihuana, me gustas tu.
Me gusta colombiana, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la montaña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la noche, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
Me gusta la cena, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la vecina, me gustas tu.
Me gusta su cocina, me gustas tu.
Me gusta camelar, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la guitarra, me gustas tu.
Me gusta el regaee, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
Me gusta la canela, me gustas tu.
Me gusta el fuego, me gustas tu.
Me gusta menear, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la Coruña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta Malasaña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta la castaña, me gustas tu.
Me gusta Guatemala, me gustas tu.
Que voy a hacer ,
je ne sais pas
Que voy a hacer
Je ne sais plus
Que voy a hacer
Je suis perdu
Que horas son, mi corazón
15
Talking Heads: Road to Nowhere
WELL WE KNOW WHERE WE'RE GOIN'
BUT WE DON'T KNOW WHERE WE'VE BEEN
AND WE KNOW WHAT WE'RE KNOWIN'
BUT WE CAN'T SAY WHAT WE'VE SEEN
AND WE'RE NOT LITTLE CHILDREN
AND WE KNOW WHAT WE WANT
AND THE FUTURE IS CERTAIN
GIVE US TIME TO WORK IT OUT
We're on a road to nowhere
Come on inside
Takin' that ride to nowhere
We'll take that ride
I'm feelin' okay this mornin'
And you know,
We're on the road to paradise
Here we go, here we go
CHORUS
Maybe you wonder where you are
I don't care
Here is where time is on our side
Take you there...take you there
We're on a road to nowhere
We're on a road to nowhere
We're on a road to nowhere
There's a city in my mind
Come along and take that ride
and it's all right, baby, it's all right
And it's very far away
But it's growing day by day
And it's all right, baby, it's all right
They can tell you what to do
But they'll make a fool of you
And it's all right, baby, it's all right
We're on a road to nowhere
16
Bright Eyes: Road to Joy
The sun came up with no conclusions
Flowers sleepin' in their beds
The city cemetary's hummin'
I'm wide awake, its mornin'
I have my drugs, I have my woman
they keep away my loneliness
My parents, they have their religion
But sleep in seperate houses
I read the body count out of the paper
And now its written all over my face
No one ever plans to sleep out in the gutter
Sometimes thats just the most comfortable place
So I'm drinkin, breathin, writin, singin
Every day I'm on the clock
My mind races with all my longings
But can't keep up with what I got
And so I hope I dont sound too ungratefull
What history gave modern man
A telephone to talk to strangers
Machine guns and a camera lense
So when you're asked to fight a war thats over nothing
Its best to join the side thats gonna win
No ones sure how all of this got started
But we're gonna make 'em God damn certain how its gonna end
Oh yah we will, oh yah we will!
Well I could have been a famous singer
If I had some one else's voice
But failures always sounded better
Let's fuck it up boys, make some noise!
The sun came up with no conclusions
Flowers sleepin' in their beds
The city cemetary's hummin'
I'm wide awake, its mornin'!
Quellen:
Titel 1:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/simonaeandaegarfunkel/homewardaebound_71b42.html
Titel 2:
http://www.rogersite.ch/gedichte_anzeige.asp?Thema=Mani%20Matter&RECORD_INDEX%5Bunde
fined%5D=21
Titel 3:
http://www.sing365.com/music/Lyric.nsf/We-Are-Nowhere-And-It's-Now-lyrics-Bright-
Eyes/956C3B3C1B4405A148256F7F0010A5FC
Titel 4:
Englisch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/r-e-m-/losingaemyaereligion_c3bb.html
Deutsch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/r-e-m-/losingaemyaereligion_45c98.html
Titel 5:
http://www.suzannevega.com/music/BeautyAndCrime/
Titel 6:
http://www.rogersite.ch/gedichte_anzeige.asp?Thema=Mani%20Matter&RECORD_INDEX%5Bunde
fined%5D=6
Titel 7:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/billyaebragg/aaenewaeengland_170a7.html
Titel 8:
http://www.sing365.com/music/Lyric.nsf/I-Must-Belong-Somewhere-lyrics-Bright-
Eyes/C448D831F741B82348256FF800069333
Titel 9:
Spanisch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/manuaechao/clandestino_dba3.html
Deutsch: http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/manuaechao/clandestino_6eb63.html
Titel 10:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/ronaesexsmith/foraetheaedriver_640d6.html
Titel 11:
http://www.absolutelyrics.com/lyrics/view/sinead_o'connor/paddy's_lament/
Titel 12:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/billyaebragg/betweenaetheaewars_1edc.html
Titel 13:
http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/suzannevega/worldbeforecolumbus.html
Titel 14:
http://www.magistrix.de/lyrics/Manu%20Chao/Me-Gustas-Tu-74975.html
Titel 15:
http://www.lyrics.de/songtext/talkingaeheads/roadaetoaenowhere_be7b.html
Titel 16:
http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Bright-Eyeslyrics/
89E394555A05E0A748256C7D000D61FC
Freitag, 30. November 2007
Musik zur Vorlesung
Politische Philosophie
Simon & Garfunkel: Homeward Bound
Mani Matter: Ds Lied vo de Bahnhöf
Bright Eyes: We Are Nowhere and It's Now
R.E.M.: Losing My Religion
Suzanne Vega: New York Is a Woman
Mani Matter: Dene wos guet geit
Billy Bragg : A New England
Bright Eyes: I Must Belong Somewhere
Manu Chao: Clandestino
Ron Sexsmith: For The Driver
Sinéad O'Connor: Paddy's Lament
Billy Bragg : Between The Wars
Suzanne Vega: World Before Columbus
Manu Chao: Me Gustas Tu
Talking Heads: Road to Nowhere
Bright Eyes: Road to Joy
Simon & Garfunkel: Homeward Bound
Mani Matter: Ds Lied vo de Bahnhöf
Bright Eyes: We Are Nowhere and It's Now
R.E.M.: Losing My Religion
Suzanne Vega: New York Is a Woman
Mani Matter: Dene wos guet geit
Billy Bragg : A New England
Bright Eyes: I Must Belong Somewhere
Manu Chao: Clandestino
Ron Sexsmith: For The Driver
Sinéad O'Connor: Paddy's Lament
Billy Bragg : Between The Wars
Suzanne Vega: World Before Columbus
Manu Chao: Me Gustas Tu
Talking Heads: Road to Nowhere
Bright Eyes: Road to Joy
Donnerstag, 29. November 2007
Gerechtigkeit als Fairness
John Rawls (1921-2002)
Eine Theorie der Gerechtigkeit (1971)
Gerechtigkeit als Fairness. Ein Neuentwurf (2001)
Gerechtigkeit als Fairness: Die Regeln des demokratischen Rechts- und Sozialstaats können auf einen hypothetischen Vertrag über die faire Verteilung der Lasten und Nutzen der Kooperation zurückgeführt werden („Urzustand“).
Ohne Wissen über ihre spätere gesellschaftliche Position („Schleier des Nichtwissens“) würden die Teilnehmer der Vertragsverhandlung folgende Prinzipien wählen:
Rawls‘ Prinzipien der Gerechtigkeit
1. Es soll ein System möglichst vieler Grundrechte geschaffen und gesichert werden, in dem jedem gleiche Rechte zustehen.
2. Soziale Ungleichheit kann das gemeinsame Produkt erhöhen (Regel der Anreize zu besonderen Leistungen). Sie ist unter zwei Bedingungen gerechtfertigt:
a) Ämter und Positionen müssen jedem mit gleicher Qualifikation offen stehen. Chancen zur Qualifikation (Bildung) müssen möglichst gleich sein.
b) Wenn sie die Lage der Schlechtestgestellten optimiert (Differenzprinzip). Prioritätsregeln: 1. vor 2., 2.a) vor 2.b).
Diese Regeln werden in einem Vier-Stufengang (Vertrag, Verfassung, Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung) zu einem Verfassungsstaat mit sozialer Wirtschaftspolitik konkretisiert.
Differenzprinzip
Wenn Einkommensunterschiede keine Anreize zu besonderen Leistungen schaffen, dann gilt das Prinzip der strikten Gleichheit. Rawls geht es um die absolute Ausstattung mit Grundgütern der Schlechtestgestellten, nicht um deren relative Position
Kritik des Differenzprinzips
Strikte Egalitaristen: Relative Position ist wichtiger als absolute, weil materiell gleich gestellt zu sein Ausdruck der Gleichheit der Personen ist und materielle Ungleichheit zu Machtasymmetrien führt. (Aber Rawls verteidigt die Priorität der beiden anderen
Prinzipien)
Utilitaristen: maximiert nicht das Wohlbefinden (utility)
Libertarians: unakzeptable Verletzungen der Freiheit
Verteilung nach moralischem Verdienst: Menschen verdienen bessergestellt zu sein aufgrund ihrer harten Arbeit, auch wenn ihre Besserstellung nicht die Position der Schlechtestgestellten optimiert; es kommt darauf an, wie Menschen in besser oder
schlechter gestellte Positionen kommen
Ressourcen-Egalitaristen: Menschen sollen mit den Konsequenzen ihrer Entscheidungen leben; Menschen sollen für Unterschiede der natürlichen Ausstattung entschädigt werden
Ressourcen-Egalitaristen (Ronald Dworkin): Menschen, die freiwillig hart arbeiten, um mehr zu verdienen, sollten nicht die mit Subventionen bezuschussen müssen, die
freiwillig mehr Freizeit geniessen und deshalb weniger verdienen. Ebenso wenig wie soziale Umstände, die Menschen nicht kontrollieren, sollten Unterschiede in der natürlichen Ausstattung (z.B. Behinderung oder Krankheit), die Verdienstmöglichkeiten und Lebenserwartungen negativ beeinflussen.
Kritik an Ressourcen-Egalitaristen: Aus der Sicht der anderen Positionen ähnlich
wie am Differenzprinzip Fähigkeiten von Menschen lassen sich nicht klar in natürlich und entwickelt kategorisieren. Ein System der Unterstützung der körperlich und geistig Behinderten und der Kranken, wäre nur eine partielle Implementation der geforderten Kompensation: viele natürlichen Unterschiede blieben unberücksichtigt
Mögliche Frage:
Was ist das Verhältnis zwischen kommutativer (mit Blick auf den freiwilligen Austausch von Gütern und Leistungen) und distributiver Gerechtigkeit? Diskutieren Sie den folgenden Vorschlag: Massnahmen kommutativer Gerechtigkeit zielen darauf, distributiv gerechte Verhältnisse (wieder)herzustellen.
Eine Theorie der Gerechtigkeit (1971)
Gerechtigkeit als Fairness. Ein Neuentwurf (2001)
Gerechtigkeit als Fairness: Die Regeln des demokratischen Rechts- und Sozialstaats können auf einen hypothetischen Vertrag über die faire Verteilung der Lasten und Nutzen der Kooperation zurückgeführt werden („Urzustand“).
Ohne Wissen über ihre spätere gesellschaftliche Position („Schleier des Nichtwissens“) würden die Teilnehmer der Vertragsverhandlung folgende Prinzipien wählen:
Rawls‘ Prinzipien der Gerechtigkeit
1. Es soll ein System möglichst vieler Grundrechte geschaffen und gesichert werden, in dem jedem gleiche Rechte zustehen.
2. Soziale Ungleichheit kann das gemeinsame Produkt erhöhen (Regel der Anreize zu besonderen Leistungen). Sie ist unter zwei Bedingungen gerechtfertigt:
a) Ämter und Positionen müssen jedem mit gleicher Qualifikation offen stehen. Chancen zur Qualifikation (Bildung) müssen möglichst gleich sein.
b) Wenn sie die Lage der Schlechtestgestellten optimiert (Differenzprinzip). Prioritätsregeln: 1. vor 2., 2.a) vor 2.b).
Diese Regeln werden in einem Vier-Stufengang (Vertrag, Verfassung, Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung) zu einem Verfassungsstaat mit sozialer Wirtschaftspolitik konkretisiert.
Differenzprinzip
Wenn Einkommensunterschiede keine Anreize zu besonderen Leistungen schaffen, dann gilt das Prinzip der strikten Gleichheit. Rawls geht es um die absolute Ausstattung mit Grundgütern der Schlechtestgestellten, nicht um deren relative Position
Kritik des Differenzprinzips
Strikte Egalitaristen: Relative Position ist wichtiger als absolute, weil materiell gleich gestellt zu sein Ausdruck der Gleichheit der Personen ist und materielle Ungleichheit zu Machtasymmetrien führt. (Aber Rawls verteidigt die Priorität der beiden anderen
Prinzipien)
Utilitaristen: maximiert nicht das Wohlbefinden (utility)
Libertarians: unakzeptable Verletzungen der Freiheit
Verteilung nach moralischem Verdienst: Menschen verdienen bessergestellt zu sein aufgrund ihrer harten Arbeit, auch wenn ihre Besserstellung nicht die Position der Schlechtestgestellten optimiert; es kommt darauf an, wie Menschen in besser oder
schlechter gestellte Positionen kommen
Ressourcen-Egalitaristen: Menschen sollen mit den Konsequenzen ihrer Entscheidungen leben; Menschen sollen für Unterschiede der natürlichen Ausstattung entschädigt werden
Ressourcen-Egalitaristen (Ronald Dworkin): Menschen, die freiwillig hart arbeiten, um mehr zu verdienen, sollten nicht die mit Subventionen bezuschussen müssen, die
freiwillig mehr Freizeit geniessen und deshalb weniger verdienen. Ebenso wenig wie soziale Umstände, die Menschen nicht kontrollieren, sollten Unterschiede in der natürlichen Ausstattung (z.B. Behinderung oder Krankheit), die Verdienstmöglichkeiten und Lebenserwartungen negativ beeinflussen.
Kritik an Ressourcen-Egalitaristen: Aus der Sicht der anderen Positionen ähnlich
wie am Differenzprinzip Fähigkeiten von Menschen lassen sich nicht klar in natürlich und entwickelt kategorisieren. Ein System der Unterstützung der körperlich und geistig Behinderten und der Kranken, wäre nur eine partielle Implementation der geforderten Kompensation: viele natürlichen Unterschiede blieben unberücksichtigt
Mögliche Frage:
Was ist das Verhältnis zwischen kommutativer (mit Blick auf den freiwilligen Austausch von Gütern und Leistungen) und distributiver Gerechtigkeit? Diskutieren Sie den folgenden Vorschlag: Massnahmen kommutativer Gerechtigkeit zielen darauf, distributiv gerechte Verhältnisse (wieder)herzustellen.
Verteilungsgerechtigkeit
Konzeptionen der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit von materiellen Gütern
Strikter Egalitarismus
Jede Person sollte die gleiche Ausstattung an materiellen Gütern haben
Spezifikation abhängig davon, wie die Ausstattung der Güter gemessen wird (das sog. Index Problem) und wann bzw. für welchen Zeitraum
Interne Probleme
Index Problem: wenn gleiche Ausstattung im Sinne des gleichen Niveaus an Ausstattung gemeint ist, wie sind dann diese Niveaus festzulegen und zu messen;
wenn gleiche Ausstattung meint die gleiche Ausstattung mit bestimmten Gütern, dann wird es andere Verteilungen der Güter geben, die manche Personen besser stellen, ohne andere schlechter zu stellen; das Index Problem verschärft sich noch, wenn wir nicht alleine materielle Güter berücksichtigen, sondern z.B. Chancen (etwa Bildungschancen)
a. Zeitpunkt der Messung: Gleichausstattung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt,
nach welchem Menschen mit ihrem Reichtum umgehen können, wie sie möchten
b. Kann zu sehr ungleichen Verteilungen führen: Gleiches Einkommen (gemessen in Geld) zu jedem Zeitpunkt – kann zu ungleichen Verteilungen führen, wenn Menschen unterschiedlich sparen (dürfen).
Kritik
-Schränkt die Freiheit unzulässig ein
-Ist nicht plausibler Ausdruck des allen Personen gleichermassen geschuldeten Respekts, etwa weil Menschen je nach
moralischem Verdienst unterschiedlich zu behandeln sind
-Alle können materiell besser gestellt sein, wenn Einkommen nicht strikt gleich sind.
Strikter Egalitarismus
Jede Person sollte die gleiche Ausstattung an materiellen Gütern haben
Spezifikation abhängig davon, wie die Ausstattung der Güter gemessen wird (das sog. Index Problem) und wann bzw. für welchen Zeitraum
Interne Probleme
Index Problem: wenn gleiche Ausstattung im Sinne des gleichen Niveaus an Ausstattung gemeint ist, wie sind dann diese Niveaus festzulegen und zu messen;
wenn gleiche Ausstattung meint die gleiche Ausstattung mit bestimmten Gütern, dann wird es andere Verteilungen der Güter geben, die manche Personen besser stellen, ohne andere schlechter zu stellen; das Index Problem verschärft sich noch, wenn wir nicht alleine materielle Güter berücksichtigen, sondern z.B. Chancen (etwa Bildungschancen)
a. Zeitpunkt der Messung: Gleichausstattung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt,
nach welchem Menschen mit ihrem Reichtum umgehen können, wie sie möchten
b. Kann zu sehr ungleichen Verteilungen führen: Gleiches Einkommen (gemessen in Geld) zu jedem Zeitpunkt – kann zu ungleichen Verteilungen führen, wenn Menschen unterschiedlich sparen (dürfen).
Kritik
-Schränkt die Freiheit unzulässig ein
-Ist nicht plausibler Ausdruck des allen Personen gleichermassen geschuldeten Respekts, etwa weil Menschen je nach
moralischem Verdienst unterschiedlich zu behandeln sind
-Alle können materiell besser gestellt sein, wenn Einkommen nicht strikt gleich sind.
Gerechtigkeit
Unterscheidungen von Aristoteles
Es gibt verschiedene Arten der Gerechtigkeit: Als Tugend des Einzelnen und als Rechtssystem
I. Allgemeine Gerechtigkeit (justitia generalis): Tugend des Einzelnen („der Gerechte“), die alle anderen Tugenden im sozialen Umgang verwirklicht.
II. Besondere Gerechtigkeit (justitia specialis): Gesetzliche Ordnung der Gleichheit in verschiedenen Verteilungs- und Austauschprozessen.
1. Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (justitia distributiva, „öffentliches Recht“). Verteilung von Staatsgütern, Ämtern und Ehren nach dem Prinzip des Verdienstes für das Gemeinwohl
2. Gerechtigkeit im Austausch (justitia commutativa)
a. Im freiwilligen Austausch von Gütern und Leistungen („bürgerliches Recht“ bzw. „Privatrecht“). Maß: Gleichheit des
Werts der Austauschprodukte bzw. Leistungen
b. Im unfreiwilligen Austausch („Strafrecht“). Korrektur von privatem (illegitimen) Zwang und Rechtsverletzung. Maß: Ausgleich von Schaden durch Kompensation, Wiederherstellung der Rechte und Entsprechung von Schuld und Strafe
Es gibt verschiedene Arten der Gerechtigkeit: Als Tugend des Einzelnen und als Rechtssystem
I. Allgemeine Gerechtigkeit (justitia generalis): Tugend des Einzelnen („der Gerechte“), die alle anderen Tugenden im sozialen Umgang verwirklicht.
II. Besondere Gerechtigkeit (justitia specialis): Gesetzliche Ordnung der Gleichheit in verschiedenen Verteilungs- und Austauschprozessen.
1. Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (justitia distributiva, „öffentliches Recht“). Verteilung von Staatsgütern, Ämtern und Ehren nach dem Prinzip des Verdienstes für das Gemeinwohl
2. Gerechtigkeit im Austausch (justitia commutativa)
a. Im freiwilligen Austausch von Gütern und Leistungen („bürgerliches Recht“ bzw. „Privatrecht“). Maß: Gleichheit des
Werts der Austauschprodukte bzw. Leistungen
b. Im unfreiwilligen Austausch („Strafrecht“). Korrektur von privatem (illegitimen) Zwang und Rechtsverletzung. Maß: Ausgleich von Schaden durch Kompensation, Wiederherstellung der Rechte und Entsprechung von Schuld und Strafe
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